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Immunophenotyping of Lymphocytes (NK Panel)

The Immunophenotyping of Lymphocytes (NK Panel) test measures the levels and activity of natural killer (NK) cells, a type of white blood cell that plays a key role in the body's immune defense. NK cells help protect against infections, eliminate cancerous cells, and regulate immune system responses. This test uses flow cytometry to analyze specific markers on NK cells, providing insights into immune system function and potential disorders. Why it is important to check this marker: Monitoring NK cell levels and function is crucial for evaluating immune system health. Abnormalities in NK cell count or activity can indicate immune deficiencies, chronic infections, autoimmune diseases, or cancer. In some cases, NK cell dysfunction may contribute to infertility or recurrent pregnancy loss. Understanding NK cell status allows for better diagnosis, treatment, and management of immune-related conditions. Indications for testing: - Immunodeficiency disorders: To assess NK cell function in people with recurrent infections or suspected primary immunodeficiency. - Autoimmune diseases: To evaluate NK cell involvement in conditions such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, or multiple sclerosis. - Chronic infections: To monitor immune response in persistent viral infections like HIV, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), or cytomegalovirus (CMV). - Cancer assessment: To investigate NK cell levels in hematological cancers (e.g., leukemia, lymphoma) or solid tumors. - Reproductive health: To assess NK cell activity in individuals experiencing recurrent pregnancy loss or implantation failure. Fasting requirements: No fasting is required for this test. What can be detected: - Primary or secondary immunodeficiencies: Conditions where the immune system is weakened, leading to increased susceptibility to infections. - Chronic inflammatory or autoimmune diseases: Disorders where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own tissues. - Viral infections: Persistent infections that may alter NK cell levels, such as EBV, CMV, or HIV. - Hematological malignancies: Blood cancers affecting lymphocytes, such as leukemia or lymphoma. - Reproductive immunology concerns: Increased NK cell activity in the uterus, which may be linked to implantation failure or recurrent miscarriages. Identifying abnormalities in NK cell levels or function allows healthcare providers to diagnose and manage immune-related conditions effectively. This test plays a crucial role in immunology, oncology, and reproductive medicine, providing valuable insights into the body's immune response and potential underlying health issues.

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