Allergy Profile III (40 Individual Allergens) LIS Code: AP3
Understand how allergies and hypersensitivities develop, identify allergens with advanced testing, and prevent severe reactions such as anaphylaxis through early diagnosis.
What's included in this profile
- A type of white blood cell involved in allergic and parasitic responses
- Raised counts can suggest allergy, asthma or parasitic infection
- Part of the full blood count differential
- A functional test measuring histamine release in response to triggers
- Helps assess allergic or mast cell activation conditions
- A more specialist test than standard allergy screening
- Measures chemical mediators released by mast cells
- Helps assess mast cell activation conditions
- Usually interpreted alongside histamine testing and symptoms
- Assesses how well Tcells (a key immune cell type) respond to stimulation
- Used in specialist immune function assessment
- Interpreted by a specialist alongside clinical history
- An antibody linked to allergic reactions
- Raised levels suggest an allergic tendency
- Often followed up with specific allergen testing
About this profile
Allergies, also called hypersensitivities, are immune system overreactions to specific substances known as allergens. These reactions are classified into four main types depending on which part of the immune system is activated and how quickly symptoms appear.
In Type I hypersensitivity, allergens interact with Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies, producing an immediate reaction within minutes that can include sneezing, coughing, nasal congestion, or skin irritation. Type IV hypersensitivity, also known as delayed-type, involves T-lymphocytes and may take several hours or even days for symptoms to develop.
Allergic reactions in the respiratory system often cause sneezing, nasal blockage, coughing, or throat tightness, and prolonged exposure may lead to asthma. Eye allergies can cause redness and itching, while gastrointestinal reactions may begin with swelling in the mouth or throat and progress to abdominal pain, vomiting, or diarrhoea.
Severe allergic responses can result in anaphylaxis, a life-threatening reaction that spreads throughout the body, causing low blood pressure, fainting, and difficulty breathing. Immediate administration of adrenaline is crucial to prevent fatal outcomes.
Diagnosis of allergies requires a thorough review of medical history, symptoms, and potential exposure triggers, including dust, pollen, animal dander, food, and environmental factors. Lifestyle habits such as smoking, pollution, medications, and stress can worsen symptoms. Once allergens are identified, specific tests confirm the cause, and treatment plans can be developed.
Avoidance remains the most effective preventive measure. In unavoidable cases, immunotherapy can help reduce sensitivity. Individuals with severe allergies must carry adrenaline and seek medical attention immediately after use.
