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C1 Esterase Inhibitor

C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH) is a protein that regulates the activity of the complement and kinin systems, which are part of the body's immune response. The complement system helps to identify and destroy foreign substances in the body, such as bacteria and viruses, while the kinin system helps to regulate blood pressure and inflammation. C1-INH plays a critical role in regulating these systems and preventing excessive activation, which can lead to tissue damage and inflammation. The C1-INH test measures the level and activity of C1-INH in the blood. Low levels of C1-INH can lead to hereditary angioedema (HAE), a rare genetic disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of severe swelling in the face, throat, and abdomen. Acquired angioedema (AAE) can also occur, which can result from autoantibodies against C1-INH or as a side effect of certain medications. Elevated levels of C1-INH may be seen in some types of inflammatory conditions, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis, and can be a marker of disease activity. It is important to note that interpretation of the C1-INH test results must be done in conjunction with other clinical information, and further testing may be necessary to diagnose specific medical conditions.

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