Allergy Profile III (40 Individual Allergens) - (£437)

Allergies, also called hypersensitivities, are immune system overreactions to specific substances known as allergens. These reactions are classified into four main types depending on which part of the immune system is activated and how quickly symptoms appear.

In Type I hypersensitivity, allergens interact with Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies, producing an immediate reaction within minutes that can include sneezing, coughing, nasal congestion, or skin irritation. Type IV hypersensitivity, also known as delayed-type, involves T-lymphocytes and may take several hours or even days for symptoms to develop.

Allergic reactions in the respiratory system often cause sneezing, nasal blockage, coughing, or throat tightness, and prolonged exposure may lead to asthma. Eye allergies can cause redness and itching, while gastrointestinal reactions may begin with swelling in the mouth or throat and progress to abdominal pain, vomiting, or diarrhoea.

Severe allergic responses can result in anaphylaxis, a life-threatening reaction that spreads throughout the body, causing low blood pressure, fainting, and difficulty breathing. Immediate administration of adrenaline is crucial to prevent fatal outcomes.

Diagnosis of allergies requires a thorough review of medical history, symptoms, and potential exposure triggers, including dust, pollen, animal dander, food, and environmental factors. Lifestyle habits such as smoking, pollution, medications, and stress can worsen symptoms. Once allergens are identified, specific tests confirm the cause, and treatment plans can be developed.

Avoidance remains the most effective preventive measure. In unavoidable cases, immunotherapy can help reduce sensitivity. Individuals with severe allergies must carry adrenaline and seek medical attention immediately after use.